1 A nd you, when you were dead (slain) by trespasses and sins

And you were dead in your trespasses and sins,

2 I n which at one time you walked. You were following the course and fashion of this world, following the prince of the power of the air. the spirit that still constantly works in the sons of disobedience.

in which you formerly walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, of the spirit that is now working in the sons of disobedience.

3 A mong these we as well as you once lived and conducted ourselves in the passions of our flesh, obeying the impulses of the flesh and the thoughts of the mind. We were then by nature children of wrath and heirs of indignation, like the rest of mankind.

Among them we too all formerly lived in the lusts of our flesh, indulging the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest.

4 B ut God—so rich is He in His mercy! Because of and in order to satisfy the great and wonderful and intense love with which He loved us,

But God, being rich in mercy, because of His great love with which He loved us,

5 E ven when we were dead (slain) by shortcomings and trespasses, He made us alive together in fellowship and in union with Christ; it is by grace (His favor and mercy which you did not deserve) that you are saved ( delivered from judgment and made partakers of Christ’s salvation).

even when we were dead in our transgressions, made us alive together with Christ ( by grace you have been saved),

6 A nd He raised us up together with Him and made us sit down together '> joint seating with Him] in the heavenly sphere in Christ Jesus (the Messiah, the Anointed One).

and raised us up with Him, and seated us with Him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus,

7 H e did this that He might clearly demonstrate through the ages to come the immeasurable (limitless, surpassing) riches of His free grace (His unmerited favor) in kindness and goodness of heart toward us in Christ Jesus.

so that in the ages to come He might show the surpassing riches of His grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus.

8 F or it is by free grace (God’s unmerited favor) that you are saved ( delivered from judgment and made partakers of Christ’s salvation) through faith. And this is not of yourselves, but it is the gift of God;

For by grace you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God;

9 N ot because of works, lest any man should boast.

not as a result of works, so that no one may boast.

10 F or we are God’s handiwork (His workmanship), recreated in Christ Jesus, that we may do those good works which God predestined (planned beforehand) for us, that we should walk in them.

For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand so that we would walk in them.

11 T herefore, remember that at one time you were Gentiles (heathens) in the flesh, called Uncircumcision by those who called themselves Circumcision, '> mere mark] in the flesh made by human hands.

Therefore remember that formerly you, the Gentiles in the flesh, who are called “ Uncircumcision” by the so-called “ Circumcision,” which is performed in the flesh by human hands—

12 t hat you were at that time separated (living apart) from Christ, utterly estranged and outlawed from the rights of Israel as a nation, and strangers with no share in the sacred compacts of the promise. And you had no hope (no promise); you were in the world without God.

remember that you were at that time separate from Christ, excluded from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world.

13 B ut now in Christ Jesus, you who once were far away, through (by, in) the blood of Christ have been brought near.

But now in Christ Jesus you who formerly were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ.

14 F or He is our peace (our bond of unity and harmony). He has made us both one, and has broken down (destroyed, abolished) the hostile dividing wall between us,

For He Himself is our peace, who made both groups into one and broke down the barrier of the dividing wall,

15 B y abolishing in His flesh the enmity the Law with its decrees and ordinances; that He from the two might create in Himself one new man, so making peace.

by abolishing in His flesh the enmity, which is the Law of commandments contained in ordinances, so that in Himself He might make the two into one new man, thus establishing peace,

16 A nd to reconcile to God both in a single body by means of His cross, thereby killing the mutual enmity and bringing the feud to an end.

and might reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, by it having put to death the enmity.

17 A nd He came and preached the glad tidings of peace to you who were afar off and to those who were near.

And He came and preached peace to you who were far away, and peace to those who were near;

18 F or it is through Him that we both now have an introduction (access) by one Spirit to the Father.

for through Him we both have our access in one Spirit to the Father.

19 T herefore you are no longer outsiders (exiles, migrants, and aliens, excluded from the rights of citizens), but you now share citizenship with the saints (God’s own people, consecrated and set apart for Himself); and you belong to God’s household.

So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints, and are of God’s household,

20 Y ou are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets with Christ Jesus Himself the chief Cornerstone.

having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the corner stone,

21 I n Him the whole structure is joined (bound, welded) together harmoniously, and it continues to rise (grow, increase) into a holy temple in the Lord.

in whom the whole building, being fitted together, is growing into a holy temple in the Lord,

22 I n Him you yourselves also are being built up with the rest, to form a fixed abode (dwelling place) of God in (by, through) the Spirit.

in whom you also are being built together into a dwelling of God in the Spirit.