1 T here is an evil which I have seen under the sun and it is prevalent among men—

2 a man to whom God has given riches and wealth and honor so that his soul lacks nothing of all that he desires; yet God has not empowered him to eat from them, for a foreigner enjoys them. This is vanity and a severe affliction.

3 I f a man fathers a hundred children and lives many years, however many they be, but his soul is not satisfied with good things and he does not even have a proper burial, then I say, “Better the miscarriage than he,

4 f or it comes in futility and goes into obscurity; and its name is covered in obscurity.

5 I t never sees the sun and it never knows anything; it is better off than he.

6 E ven if the other man lives a thousand years twice and does not enjoy good things— do not all go to one place?”

7 A ll a man’s labor is for his mouth and yet the appetite is not satisfied.

8 F or what advantage does the wise man have over the fool? What advantage does the poor man have, knowing how to walk before the living?

9 W hat the eyes see is better than what the soul desires. This too is futility and a striving after wind.

10 W hatever exists has already been named, and it is known what man is; for he cannot dispute with him who is stronger than he is.

11 F or there are many words which increase futility. What then is the advantage to a man?

12 F or who knows what is good for a man during his lifetime, during the few years of his futile life? He will spend them like a shadow. For who can tell a man what will be after him under the sun?